Papilio torquatus (Cramer, 1777)

Tingo Maria, Peru; 4/97 ssp. torquatus male	Rio Napo, Ecuador ssp. torquatus female white form
N of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico  October  ssp mazai	N of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico  October   verso
Ahuachapan, El Salvador ssp atsoukae male	Ahuachapan, El Salvador ssp atsoukae female
"Esmereldas, Ecuador"  ssp leptilea	Ahuachapan, El Salvador ssp atsoukae female
Satipo, Junin, Peru 1983  abb "tasso"	Rio Brasilia  female tasso

   Widespread and common from SE Mexico and W Mexico through central America to N Argentina. Several subspecies described. In general, northern ssp are less common.  Females  are variable and mimic local forms of Parides ssp. The bottom specimen is known as "Papilio tasso" and likely represents a recurring though very rare aberration rather than a full species , though this has not yet been proven.
           mazai - W Mexico to El Salvador (coastal). Local
           tolus - E Mexico to Yucutan and S to El Salvador. Local
           tolmides - Guatemala to Panama. Not common.
           jeani - N Colombia and Venezuela. Rare
           leptalea - W Ecuador ( W slopes of Andes)
           polybius - SE Brazil and Argentina
           torquatus - most of Amazon Basin from Peru and Ecuador to Bolivia and east to Guianas and east central Brazil